HPV self-collection: Benefits, limitations, and future implications

In a recent interview with Contemporary OB/GYN, Jessica Shepherd, MD, a board-certified OB-GYN, discussed new recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection, shedding light on its implementation, potential, and limitations.

Shepherd emphasized that HPV self-collection, as per recent FDA approvals, is currently permitted only in health care settings and not for home use. This method enables cervical samples to be collected for HPV testing, but it is primarily reserved for instances where clinician-controlled sampling is not feasible. Shepherd stressed that no FDA-approved home-based HPV self-collection tests exist in the United States.

Regarding future research, Shepherd highlighted that studies are still needed to assess the efficacy of HPV self-collection compared to the gold standard of co-testing, which includes both a Pap smear and HPV testing. Current research suggests that HPV self-collection may be less effective at detecting disease compared to clinician-controlled specimen collection. This raises concerns about the reliability of self-collection in nontraditional settings, such as retail pharmacies or mobile clinics. Shepherd warned that such approaches might lead to missed opportunities for comprehensive care, including the diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections and discussions about personal and family health history.

Shepherd also underscored the importance of the patient-provider relationship in ob-gyn care. Beyond sample collection, this relationship enables discussions about disease prevention, family history, and risk reduction strategies for cervical cancer. She cautioned that self-collection methods may dilute this essential interaction, which is vital for providing individualized care and fostering trust between patients and clinicians.

In closing, Shepherd encouraged patients to view the Pap test as a simple, pain-free procedure and to communicate openly with their providers if discomfort arises during the exam. While HPV self-collection may eventually serve as a tool to expand access for underserved populations, she stressed it should not replace clinician-collected tests, which remain the standard of care for early detection of cervical cancer.

She also highlighted the ongoing need to address health disparities, raise awareness, and ensure equitable access to preventive care to reduce cervical cancer rates and work toward its eradication. The discussion ultimately reinforces the critical role of health care providers in delivering comprehensive care and ensuring the highest standards in cervical cancer screening and prevention.

This video is a follow-up to our previous discussion on HPV self-collection, which can be watched here.