Mohamed El Sherbiny, MD

There are a variety of complications that can occur during laparoscopic surgery. In this tutorial learn some of the complications and tips to avoid them.

Entry is most error-prone aspect of laparoscopy. In this tutorial, get the basics on how to improve your laparoscopic technique for a variety of gynecological surgeries.

In this tutorial, review the pros and cons of laparoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Do the negatives of laparoscopy – anesthesia, for example – outweigh the ability to make definitive diagnosis based on visualization and treat in the same intervention?

Classification of Heart Diseases in Pregnancy: Incidence: 1% of all pregnancies 1-Rheumatic valve diseases (still the most common in the developing countries.) MS, MR, DM, AS, AR. 2-Congenital disorders (The most common in developed countries.) ASD, VSD, PDA, coarcitation of the aorta, Fallot's tetralogy, Eisenminger syndrome and Marfan syndrome. 3-Others: Arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy.

DEFINITIONExcessive blood loss sufficient to affect the general condition of the mother.INCIDENCELow parity 0.3%Para 4 or > 2%Babiszki et al, 1999

Definitions Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN)=Malignant Gestational Trophoblastic DiseaseIt is a spectrum of trophoblastic diseases that develops malignant sequelae. GTN includes: • Persistent post molar GTD • Invasive mole • Choriocarcinoma • Placental site trophoblastic tumourThe last 2 may follow abortion, ectopic or normal pregnancy.Disaia &Creasman Clinical Gynecological Oncology 2007 Cunningham et al Williams Obsterics 23rd , 2010